CALLING FOR “ISLAMIC PROTESTANTISM” IN INDONESIA AND BEYOND: Towards Democratic and Pluralistic Islam

Sumanto Al Qurtuby

Abstract


This paper discusses the notion of “Islamic Protestantism” as a vehicle to create a face of democratic and pluralistic Islam. Drawing from the works of some prominent Muslim reformists and Western scholars, it addresses in some parts the works of Indonesian scholars. The choice of democracy and pluralism as a main focus in this paper is based on the fact that these two issues, representing the basic ideological doctrines in the ever-increasing globalized world, are not only fundamental doctrines of modern Western political philosophy but also now primary concerns of modern Islamic political thought. Inspired by the Christian Reformation, this piece tries to promote an idea of “Islamic Protestantism” by applying decons­truc­tion and socio-historical approach as methods to understand Islamic discourses, texts, and history.

Keywords


Islamic Protestantism; pluralism; deconstruction; Islamic reformism

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abu-Nimer, Mohammed. Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam: Theory and Practice. Gainessville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2003.

Abou El Fadl, Khaled. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. New York, NY: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005.

----------. “Islam and the Theology of Power.” Middle East Report, No. 221, (2001), pp. 28-33

Abuza, Zachary. “Al-Qaeda’s Asian Web of Terror.” Time (Asia) 160, no. 22, (2002), pp. 38-40

----------. Millitant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2003.

Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. The Qur’an: Text Translation and Commentary. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur’an, Inc., 1987.

Al-Zarkashi>, Muh}ammad bin `Abd Alla>h. Al-Burha>n fi> al-‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Beirut: Da>rul Ma’rifah, 1972.

An-Na’im, Abdullah Ahmed. Toward an Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights, and International Law. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996.

Anand, Chaiwat Satha (Qader Muheideen). The Nonviolent Crescent: Two Essays on Islam and Nonviolence. Alkmaar, The Netherlands: International Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1996.

Appleby, Scott. The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation. Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000.

Arkoun, Mohammed. Islam: To Reform or To Subvert. London: Saqi Books, 2006.

Aslan, Reza. No god but God: the Origins, Evolution, and the Future of Islam. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2006.

Azra, Azyumardi. “Islamic Radical Movements in Indonesia.” The Jakarta Post. 15 February 2006.

Barton, Greg. Indonesia’s Struggle: Jamaah Islamiyah and the Soul of Islam. Sidney: University of New South Wales Press, 2004.

Bayat, Asef. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.

Berger, Peter and Thomas Luchman. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise of Sociology of Knowledge. Publisher: Anchor, 1967.

Berger, Peter L. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of Sociological Theory of Religions. Publisher: Anchor, 1990.

Browers, Michaelle and Charles Kurzman (eds.). An Islamic Reformation? Lanham: Lexington Books, 2004.

Brown, L. Carl. Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Christopher, Daniel L. Smith (ed.). Subverting Hatred: The Challenge of Nonviolence in Religious Traditions. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 2005.

Dennis, Anthony. The Rise of the Islamic Empire and the Threat to the West. Bristol, IN: Wyndham Hall Press, 1996.

Eickelman, Dale. “Islamic Liberalism Strikes Back.” MESA Bulletin, No. 27, (1993), pp. 163-8

Esack, Farid. Qur’an, Liberation, and Pluralism: An Islamic Perspective of Interreligious Solidarity against Oppression. Oxford: One World, 1998.

Esposito, John L. Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Esposito, John L. and Azzam Tamimi (eds.). Islam and Secularism in the Middle East. New York: New York University Press, 2000.

Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. London: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1960.

Gold, Dore. Hatred’s Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2003.

Gopin, Marc. Between Eden and Armageddon: The Future of World Religions, Violence, and Peacemaking. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Gottwald, Norman. The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction. Philadelphia, 1985.

Gottwald, Norman. The Bible and Liberation: Political and Social Hermeneutics. Maryknoll, 1984.

Graham, William A. Beyond The Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Hefner, Robert W. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000.

----------. “Muslim Democrats and Islamist Violence in Post-Soeharto Indonesia.” In Robert W Hefner (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, and Democratization. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005.

Hodgson, Marshall. The Venture of Islam, 3 vols. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1974.

Hourani, Albert. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilizations,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72. No. 3. 1993.

Ishaq, Ibnu. Hayatu Muhammad [“The Life of Muhammad”]. Translated by A. Guillaume. Oxford, 1955, 1987.

Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003.

Khalidi, Rashid. Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and America’s Perilous Path in the Middle East. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004.

Kimball, Charles. When Religion Becomes Evil? Five Warning Signs. Publisher: HarperOne, 2003.

Kurzman, Charles (ed.). Liberal Islam: A Source Book. New York 7 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Lewis, Bernard. What Went Wrong? The Clash between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East. Publisher: Harper Perennial, 2003.

----------. The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror. Publisher: Random House, 2004.

Little, David (ed.). Peacemakers in Action: Profiles of Religion in Conflict Resolution. New York City, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions International, Ltd., 1983.

Mamdani, Mahmood. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004.

Menocal, Maria Rosa. The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. New York, 2002.

Mousalli, Ahmad S. Radical Islamic Fundamentalism: the Ideological and Political Discourse of Sayyid Qutb. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1992.

----------. “Islamic Democracy and Pluralism.” In Omid Safi (ed.). Progressive Muslims On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism. Oxford: One World, 2003.

Noer, Deliar. The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia 1900-1942. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Norton, Augustus Richard (ed.). Civil Society in the Middle East. Leiden & New York: E.J. Brill, Vol. 1. (1995).

----------. Civil Society in the Middle East. Leiden & New York: E.J. Brill, 1996.

Pipes, Daniel. In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power. New York: Basic Books, 1982.

Rabasa, Angel. Beyond Al-Qaeda: Countering Terrorist and other non-Traditional Threats. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 2007.

----------. Political Islam in Southeast Asia: Moderates, Radicals, and Terrorist. Curzon: Routledge, 2003.

Sachedina, Abdulaziz. The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Said, Abdul Aziz, Nathan C. Funk, and Ayse S. Kadayifci (eds.). Peace and Conflict Resolution in Islam: Precept and Practice. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2001.

Safi, Omid (ed.). Progressive Muslims On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism. Oxford: One World, 2003.

Savyon, Ayelet. “The Call for Islamic Protestantism: Dr. Hashem Agsjari’s Speech and Subsequent Death Sentence.” The Middle East Media Research Institute Special Dispatch Series, No. 445 (2 December 2002).

Schwartz, Stephen. The Two Faces of Islam: Saudi Fundamentalism and Its Role in Terrorism. New York: Anchor Books, 2003.

Shadid, Anthony. Legacy of the Prophet: Despots, Democrats, and the New Politics of Islam. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2002.

Soroush, Abdolkarim. Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Syahrur, Muhammad, Tirani Islam: Genealogi Masyarakat dan Negara [Islamic Tyranny: The Genealogy of Society and State]. Yogyakarta, 2003

Saiyidain, Khwaga Ghulam. Islam, the Religion of Peace. New Delhi: Har-Anand, 1994.

Schaltut, Mahmud. Al-Islam Aqidah wa Shari’ah. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1980.

Spencer, Robert. The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004.

Swidler, Leonard J. After the Absolute: The Dialogical Future of Religious Reflections. Publisher: Augsburg Fortress Publisher, 1991.

Tibi, Bassam. “War and Peace in Islam.” In Terry Nardin (ed.). The Ethics of War and Peace: Religious and Secular Perspectives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.

UNDP. Freedom in the World 2001-2002: the Democracy Gap. New York: Freedom House Available online at http://www.freedom-house.¬org/¬reserach/survey2002.htm

Van Bruinessen, Martin. “Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post Soeharto Indonesia,” Southeast Asia Research, 10, no. 2. (2002).

Wahid, Abdurrahman. “Right Islam vs. Wrong Islam”. The Wall Street Journal, 12 December 2005.

White, Jenny. Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study of Vernacular Politics. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2002.

Zayd, Nas}r H{a>mid Abu>. Mafhu>m al-Nas}s}: Dira>sa>t fi> ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al Mis}riyyah al ‘A>mmah li al-Kita>b, 1993.




DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2008.2.1.151-177

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Indexed by:

    

Creative Commons License

View My Stats

Journal of Indonesian Islam (ISSN 1978-6301 and E-ISSN 2355-6994) is published by the Postgraduate Program (PPs) and the Institute for the Study of Religion and Society (LSAS), State Islamic University (UIN) of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Journal of Indonesian Islam by http://jiis.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/JIIs/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright ©2020 State Islamic University (UIN) of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS.